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Marcus Aemilius Aemilianus "Mars – God of War" He originated from Roman Mauretania and was a professional military officer. He held the position of governor of Upper and Lower Moesia, earning distinction for his...

Gaius Vibius Trebonianus Gallus "Divine Juno – Protector of the Emperor" Juno was the patron deity of Trebonianus Gallus. The epithet Martialis literally means "of Mars," "belonging to Mars," or "warlike," but depictions of...

Herennia Cupressenia Etruscilla Augusta "Pudicita Augusta" Herennia Cupressenia Etruscilla was a Roman empress and the wife of Trajan Decius. She hailed from a prominent Etruscan or Italic family in Etruria, as suggested by her...

Gaius Messius Quintus Traianus Decius "Dacian Draco" was a military standard used by the ancient Dacians, and it can be seen in the hands of Decebal’s soldiers in several scenes depicted on Trajan's Column...

Marcus Iulius Severus Philippus "The Battle of Verona" Philip II was the son of the Roman Emperor Philip the Arab and Otacilia Severa. He was granted the title of Caesar in 244 CE (the...

Marcia Otacilia Severa Augusta "Concordia Augustorum" Marcia Otacilia Severa was the wife of the Roman Emperor Philip the Arab. She was the daughter of the governor Severianus (or Severus) and the mother of Julius...

Marcus Clodius Pupienus Maximus "Fortunate One" Marcus Clodius Pupienus was already over 70 years old when he was proclaimed emperor alongside Balbinus by the Senate. Both were senators. Some accounts claim his father was...

Califat Umeyyade MU' AWIYA . 6 monnaies différentes de la 1 ère série en 2 langues, 661-680 AD. Homs (Emesa) Walker 27 à 33 Avers : Empereur de style byzantin (imitation de Constans II) debout face, tenant...

Islamique, arabe-byzantin, califat Umeyyade MU' AWIYA . 1 ère série en 2 langues, 661-697 AD. Homs (Emesa) Walker 28-31 Avers : Empereur de style byzantin (imitation de Constans II) debout face, tenant en main droite le sceptre...

Islamique, arabe-byzantin, califat omeyyade MU' AWIYA . 1 ère série en 2 langues, 661-697 AD. Homs (Emesa) Walker 28-31 Avers : Empereur de style byzantin (imitation de Constans II) debout face, tenant en main droite le sceptre...

Gaius Julius Verus Maximinus "The Herdsman" Herodian writes: "After ascending to power, Maximinus enacted significant changes, ruling with extreme severity and spreading great fear. He brought with him a love of bloodshed from his...

Publius Septimius Geta "Fratres – Brothers" Geta was born while his father was serving as governor of the province under Emperor Commodus. At the time of his father's death in 211 CE, Geta was...

Lucius Septimius Severus Pertinax "Parthicus Maximus!" Immediately after assuming power, Septimius Severus faced the rising strength of the Parthians. He left Rome and traveled east by sea. During the war (197–199), the Parthian capital...

Julia Domna Augusta "The Wife from the Horoscope" Severus heard of a woman in Syria whose horoscope predicted she would marry a king. He sought her out and married her. That woman was Julia...

Publius Septimius Geta "Victory over the Britons" This type of denarius refers to the successes of Septimius Severus's military campaigns in Caledonia. In 208 CE, Emperor Septimius Severus set out for Britain with an...

Marcus Aurelius Commodus Antoninus "Hercules Romanus" The reign of Commodus was marked by cruel tyranny, including the condemnation of many senators. He hosted bloody games during which he personally performed as a gladiator. Commodus...

Decimus Caelius Calvinus Balbinus "Pietas Mutua Augustorum – The Mutual Providence of the Emperors" Aleksander Krawczuk writes: "The Senate session took place behind closed doors in the Temple of Concord on the Roman Forum....

Hannibal, 𐤇𐤍𐤁𐤏𐤋 "Hannibal ante portas! – Hannibal at the gates! (Cicero)" By the mid-3rd century BCE, most of Campania was under Roman dominion. Capua, the principal city of Campania, was nearly as significant as...

Issuer: German Empire (1871-1918)  Emperor: Wilhelm I (1797-1871-1888) Type: Standard circulation coin Years: 1886 (1873-1887)  Value: 1 Mark  Currency: Mark (1873-1923) Composition: Silver (.900) (Ag 900, Cu 100) Weight: 5.4 g. Diameter: 24 mm...

Issuer: German Empire (1871-1918)  Emperor: Wilhelm I (1797-1871-1888) Type: Standard circulation coin Years: 1874 (1873-1887)  Value: 1 Mark  Currency: Mark (1873-1923) Composition: Silver (.900) (Ag 900, Cu 100) Weight: 5.5 g. Diameter: 24 mm...

Issuer: German Empire (1871-1918)  Emperor: Wilhelm I (1797-1871-1888) Type: Standard circulation coin Years: 1874 (1873-1887)  Value: 1 Mark  Currency: Mark (1873-1923) Composition: Silver (.900) (Ag 900, Cu 100) Weight: 5.3 g. Diameter: 24 mm...

Issuer: German Empire (1871-1918)  Emperor: Wilhelm I (1797-1871-1888) Type: Standard circulation coin Years: 1881 (1873-1887)  Value: 1 Mark  Currency: Mark (1873-1923) Composition: Silver (.900) (Ag 900, Cu 100) Weight: 5.3 g. Diameter: 24 mm...

Issuer: German Empire (1871-1918)  Emperor: Wilhelm I (1797-1871-1888) Type: Standard circulation coin Years: 1880 (1873-1887)  Value: 1 Mark  Currency: Mark (1873-1923) Composition: Silver (.900) (Ag 900, Cu 100) Weight: 5.2 g. Diameter: 24 mm...

Iulia Aquilia Severa Augusta “The Priestess of Vesta” Julia Aquilia Severa was a Vestal Virgin. In 220 AD, she married the Roman Emperor Elogabalus. This caused immense controversy, as the traditional punishment for breaking...

Iulia Cornelia Paula Augusta “The first wife” Julia Cornelia Paula was a lady of very noble descent, according to Herodian: she was a member of the Cornelia family on her mother's side, and her...

Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander "The Last Severan" Born in 208 AD in Phoenicia (modern-day Lebanon), he became emperor at the age of 13. During his reign, he was heavily influenced by his mother, who...

Gnaea Seia Herennia Sallustia Barbia Orbiana Augusta "The Victim of Jealousy" Gneia Seia Herennia Sallustia Barbia Orbiana (dates of birth and death unknown) was the wife of Emperor Alexander Severus. She was the daughter...

Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus "Victoria Sarmatica – Victory over the Sarmatians" The Sarmatians had settled in the region known as Sarmatia, east of Germania and north of the immediate vicinity of the Danube. These...

Cn. Domitius L.f. Ahenobarbus, 41 BC - AR Denarius  (Silver, 20 mm, 3.69 g, 6 h), uncertain mint moving with Ahenobarbus. AHENOBAR Lighlty bearded male head to right.  Rev. CN.DOMITIVS.IMP Trophy on prow to...

Publius Helvius Pertinax "The Teacher from Liguria" Pertinax was born on August 1, 126 CE. His father, Helvius Successus, was a freedman from Liguria and a timber merchant. Pertinax began his career as a...

Gaius Pescennius Niger Iustus "The Year of the Five Emperors" As a Roman general, Pescennius Niger was proclaimed emperor by his troops in the eastern province of Syria. He vied for the imperial throne...

Marcus Aurelius Antoninus "Augustus" After defeating the supporters of Pescennius Niger and destroying Byzantium, a confrontation arose between former allies—Septimius Severus and Clodius Albinus. Severus secured the Senate’s recognition of his son Caracalla as...

Marcus Aurelius Antoninus "Armeniacus – Conqueror of the Armenians" In late summer or autumn of 161 CE, Vologases IV of Parthia invaded and conquered the lands of the Roman client kingdom of Armenia. He...

Annia Galeria Faustina Augusta "DIVO ANTONINO ET DIVAE FAUSTINAE EX S.C." Annia Galeria Faustina was the daughter of Marcus Annius Verus (a consul) and Faustina Rupilia. She was the wife of Emperor Antoninus Pius...

Titus Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Pius "Fortuna" was the goddess governing human fate. She was the Roman equivalent of the Greek goddess Tyche. Her cult in Rome was introduced by King Servius Tullius. She was...

Q. Antonius Balbus "Civil War" Quintus Antonius Balbus was a member of Marius' faction and was elected praetor of Sardinia in 83 BCE. However, before departing for Sardinia, the Senate ordered him to take...

M. Volteius M.f " Templum Iovis Optimi Maximi" This was the most important temple to Jupiter in Italy, located on the Capitoline Hill in Rome, specifically on its northern peak called Capitolium. Construction was...

Aesillas, quaestor " The Province of Macedonia" The Via Egnatia was an ancient Roman road constructed between 146 and 120 BCE on the Balkan Peninsula. It stretched from Dyrrachium on the Adriatic coast through...

L. Cassius Longinus " Lex Cassia Tabellaria" The tablet marked with the letter "V" was used in Rome for voting on legislation. This coin, combined with Vesta on the obverse, references a law from...

Anonymous "Quadrigatus" The name quadrigatus derives from the depiction on its reverse: a quadriga (four-horse chariot) driven by Jupiter and guided by Victoria, accompanied by the inscription ROMA . The obverse (heads side) featured...

Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix " Imperator" "I have repaid in full measure anyone who did me harm"—these were the words of Sulla, inscribed on his tombstone. A denarius was struck by the military mint...

CENTRAL GAUL - AEDUI "Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres (J. Caesar)" The Aedui were one of the most powerful Celtic tribes inhabiting Gaul, primarily in the region between the Loire and Saône...

Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica "The Battle of Thapsus" On the morning of April 6, 46 BCE, Scipio's forces positioned themselves outside the city of Thapsus, facing Caesar's legions. They were arranged in...

CENTRAL GAUL - SEQUANI "I would rather be first here than second in Rome (J. Caesar)" The Sequani were a Gallic tribe inhabiting the upper basin of the Arar River (Saône), the Doubs Valley,...

Gaius Iulius Caesar "All of Gaul has been conquered" The obverse of this denarius features the bust of Venus Genetrix, to whom Caesar dedicated a temple in 46 BCE on the Forum of Caesar...

Gaius Iulius Caesar "Alea iacta est – The die is cast" These words were allegedly spoken by Gaius Julius Caesar when, in January 49 BCE, he crossed the Rubicon River with his legions, thus...

Gaius Iulius Caesar "The Coin That Killed Caesar" Caesar was the first in the history of the Roman Republic to place his portrait on a coin. The inscription on the obverse refers to the...

Tiberius Claudius Drusus Nero Germanicus "Diana – Artemis of Ephesus" The Temple of Artemis, known to the ancient Greeks as one of the Seven Wonders of the World, was the greatest adornment of Ephesus...

SELEUKID KINGS OF SYRIA "Theos – The God" Antiochus Theos, after the death of his father, Antiochus I, became the ruler of the Seleucid Empire, which was still vast and largely intact. He spent...

SELEUKID KINGS OF SYRIA "The Battle of Raphia" In the Battle of Raphia in 217 BCE, Ptolemy IV, with 73 North African elephants, faced the army of Antiochus III, who commanded 103 Indian elephants....